iSLANd's learning materials en-us microfeed.org episodic false https://microfeed-flyisland-pro.pages.dev A small island in the sky

]]> Island Chen iSLANd's learning materials https://microfeed-cdn.flyisland.pro/microfeed-flyisland-pro/production/images/channel-1753e499833f5ee93a05aee715ada068.png https://microfeed-flyisland-pro.pages.dev ©2025 A Sad Moment in American History KPhsOv2Kf1g Sat, 22 Feb 2025 15:22:24 GMT false 00:00:00 - Thanks everybody for joining me to discuss a very very serious issue.

00:00:05 - Yesterday we witnessed an extremely sad moment in American history

00:00:12 - We saw the president of the United States aligning himself with the dictator of Russia, Vladimir Putin to undermine the independence of Ukraine and its democracy

00:00:23 - Let's be clear: Trump is showing us that he sees one of the world's most brutal dictators as his friend and our long-time democratic allies in Europe as his enemies

00:00:38 - He wants a world that is safe for authoritarians and oligarchs, but is extremely dangerous for democracies.

00:00:47 - It will not surprise you when I tell you that Trump is lying, as he so often does

00:00:53 - yesterday Trump said that Ukraine started the war, that's not true

00:00:58 - Russia invaded Ukraine twice, first in 2014, then again in 2022 right now Russia occupies about 20 percent of Ukraine

00:01:09 - Since Putin's horrific invasion over one million people have been killed or injured

00:01:16 - Every single day Russia continues to rain down hundreds of missiles and drones on Ukrainian cities

00:01:24 - Putin's forces have massacred civilians and kidnapped thousands of Ukrainian children bring them back to Russian re-education, camps

00:01:33 - These atrocities led the International Criminal Court to issue an arrest warrant for Putin in 2023 as a war criminal, a war Criminal

00:01:46 - Further, Trump called Ukrainian President Zelensky a dictator that's not true either

00:01:53 - Zelensky won 75% of the vote in free elections

00:01:56 - in fact, his approval rating is higher than Trump's

00:01:59 - In the midst of the brutal war in brutal war Ukraine's parliament continues to function and free and unfettered political debate, takes place

00:02:11 - Trump claimed that our European allies had done little to support Ukraine in its fight against Putin's invasion

00:02:18 - He said the United States has contributed three times more than Europe, but that's another lie.

00:02:24 - In fact, Europe has provided more aid to Ukraine than the United States

00:02:29 - But it's not just that Trump is lying again, that's not new.

00:02:35 - It's what this all reveals about where he wants to take our country and in fact, the entire world.

00:02:42 - Trump is cozying up to Vladimir Putin So who is Putin, and what kind of world does he want to build?

00:02:52 - Putin is a dictator. who crushed Russia's movement toward democracy after the end of the Cold War

00:03:01 - Russia holds sham elections every six years where Putin wins 90 percent of the vote and the authorities don't even try to hide their ballot-stuffing

00:03:13 - There is no freedom of speech or free media in Putin's Russia

00:03:19 - Protects are violently suppressed, tens of thousands of people are in prison for protesting Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

00:03:30 - Political dissidents are harassed or thrown into jail

00:03:33 - The bravest, people like Alexei Navalny, are killed outright.

00:03:39 - Hundreds of thousands of Russians have fled Putin's brutal regime since his invasion of Ukraine

00:03:48 - But Putin has maintained control in his country, by offering Russia's oligarchs a simple deal

00:03:57 - If you give me absolute power I'll let you steal as much as you want from the Russian people.

00:04:06 - And that's why in a country where many are struggling economically, Russia's oligarchs have stashed trillions of dollars in offshore tax accounts.

00:04:19 - That's the Russian leader that Trump admires, That is the Russian oligarchy that he supports.

00:04:28 - But that is not the perspective of the American people.

00:04:32 - We know, and we're proud of the fact that the United States of America is the longest-standing democracy in the world

00:04:42 - We know that many hundreds of thousands of brave Americans, over the years, had fought and died to defend democracy.

00:04:52 - We also know that our allies in the world are those countries that believe in democracy, not authoritarianism.

00:05:01 - In this critical moment in our history

00:05:04 - I hope that every American, regardless of political perspective, will stand tall and say: YES to democracy, NO to oligarchy, and NO to authoritarianism.

00:05:19 - Thank you very much

]]> 00:05:26 Fountain of the Lions Rp2BQXs6scL Sat, 15 Feb 2025 14:52:31 GMT false 00:00 Built in the 14th century, it featured 12 lions that each shot out a jet of water to show what time of day it was.

00:07 In a controlled sequence, the lions would activate hour by hour until all of them were spouting out water by midday.

00:14 The large bowl in the center of the fountain had 12 holes placed at very specific heights, each leading to a lion via a series of internal pipes.

00:24 A central pipe would fill the bowl at a slow and constant rate, causing the water level to rise and activate the lions one by one

00:31 After twelve hours, a clever siphon inside the bowl would reset the system naturally.

00:36 As the water in the bowl started to rise, so did the water in the siphon.

00:40 Once it reached the top, it would curve and start falling down the drainage pipe. 

00:45: At this point, a seal was created and this activated the siphon and in a matter of seconds, the bowl would drain completely, and the process would start again.

]]> https://microfeed.flyisland.pro/i/fountain-of-the-lions-Rp2BQXs6scL/ full 00:00:53 【TED-Ed】提高你的“批判性”思维的5个小妙方 5 tips to improve your critical thinking nkoQe4yNHNA Sat, 08 Feb 2025 02:00:45 GMT false 00:04:15 Javons Paradox YxppuF-oNsv Wed, 29 Jan 2025 15:06:58 GMT false - 00:00:00 So what is Jevons Paradox?

- 00:00:02 Well intuition might tell you that when something becomes cheaper and more efficient the market for it is going to shrink because everything is less expensive so of course people don't spend as much

- 00:00:16 But it's actually the opposite,

- 00:00:18 Let's think about energy, as a unit of energy becomes less expensive the amount of use cases it can apply to profitably increases, so the total market and the total spend greatly increase even though the per unit price decreases.

- 00:00:33 Now, there are a number of examples throughout the history of the Jevons Paradox, the steam engine being one, energy and gas price being another, and now we're going through another with Artificial Intelligence

- 00:00:46 Now although DeepSeek made the cost of pret-rainning much less expensive and it's even much more efficient during inference time, that doesn't mean the total market of Artificial Intelligence is going to decrease.

- 00:01:00 In fact, quite the opposite, it's going to allow it to accelerate so much more quickly towards AGI and ASI Artificial Super Intelligence, and thus the spend is going to increase greatly

- 00:01:14 So anybody is shorting companies like Nvidia and other major tech companies, you probably have a pretty painful future ahead of you, not investment advice.

- 00:01:26 So that's Jevons Paradox

]]> https://microfeed.flyisland.pro/i/javons-parado-YxppuF-oNsv/ full 00:01:28 Chinese New Year Traditions and Celebrations. Lunar New Year. How Is Chinese New Year Celebrated? 0r3DattEDKe Tue, 28 Jan 2025 16:24:03 GMT false 00:00:01.839: chinese new year
00:00:07.909: chinese new year is a very important
00:00:07.919: festivity for chinese people everywhere
00:00:11.519: it is also called the spring festival or
00:00:14.799: the lunar new year
00:00:17.840: the exact date of the chinese new year
00:00:20.640: changes from year to year
00:00:23.039: but it is always between the 21st of
00:00:25.680: january and the 19th of february
00:00:30.320: in ancient china people used the moon to
00:00:33.760: calculate time
00:00:35.920: and in the chinese lunar calendar
00:00:38.719: every month begins with the new moon
00:00:42.879: every year of the chinese calendar has
00:00:45.600: an animal's name
00:00:47.760: these animals are the rat
00:00:50.239: ox
00:00:51.440: tiger
00:00:52.719: rabbit
00:00:54.000: dragon
00:00:55.199: snake
00:00:56.480: horse
00:00:57.520: sheep
00:00:58.960: monkey
00:01:00.079: cockerel
00:01:01.440: dog and pig
00:01:04.479: the chinese believe that a person born
00:01:06.880: in a particular year
00:01:08.799: has some of the characteristics of that
00:01:10.960: animal
00:01:13.200: celebrating the chinese new year
00:01:16.640: chinese families celebrate the new year
00:01:19.200: for two weeks
00:01:21.119: they decorate their houses towns and
00:01:23.680: villages with colored lanterns flowers
00:01:27.600: and many other decorations
00:01:30.240: they carefully clean the house and throw
00:01:32.640: away old things
00:01:35.119: this means they are throwing away the
00:01:36.960: bad luck of the past year
00:01:40.880: it is very important for the chinese to
00:01:43.040: be with their families on new year's eve
00:01:46.799: on this occasion the family eats a big
00:01:49.439: delicious meal together
00:01:51.390: [Music]
00:01:52.640: fish is always part of the dinner along
00:01:55.439: with rice different meats and vegetables
00:01:58.640: [Music]
00:02:00.240: each food has a special meaning and the
00:02:02.880: chinese believe these foods bring good
00:02:05.360: luck
00:02:07.119: on new year's day the chinese wear new
00:02:10.160: clothes to symbolize the new year
00:02:13.599: red is a popular color because the
00:02:15.920: chinese believe that it is lucky
00:02:19.599: parents and family members give children
00:02:21.840: the traditional new year's gift
00:02:24.160: called lie c
00:02:26.400: lucky money
00:02:27.760: a red and gold envelope with some money
00:02:30.319: inside
00:02:31.210: [Music]
00:02:37.270: there are a lot of big chinese
00:02:37.280: communities outside china
00:02:40.319: in many big cities such as london
00:02:42.879: new york and san francisco there are
00:02:45.599: areas called chinatown
00:02:48.560: in these areas there are many chinese
00:02:50.879: shops and restaurants a very important
00:02:53.680: celebration is the parade on new year's
00:02:56.400: day
00:02:57.519: the dragon is an important part of the
00:02:59.599: parade
00:03:00.720: because people believe it is noble and
00:03:03.120: lucky
00:03:04.879: in the parade a dragon can sometimes be
00:03:08.000: 25 meters long
00:03:10.400: and can have about 60 men move under its
00:03:14.000: body and tail
00:03:16.640: people often throw money at the dragon
00:03:19.040: and the dragon tries to catch it in its
00:03:21.360: big mouth
00:03:23.760: lion dancing is an ancient chinese
00:03:26.159: tradition and lion dancers are always
00:03:29.599: part of the parade
00:03:32.159: two men usually move under each lion
00:03:36.239: musicians play the drums and symbols
00:03:38.720: during the lion dance
00:03:41.200: there are also noisy fireworks
00:03:44.239: the chinese believe that the noise
00:03:46.400: frightens evil spirits
00:03:48.630: [Music]
00:03:50.159: during the parade
00:03:51.680: children represent the 12 animals of the
00:03:54.080: chinese calendar
00:03:56.319: chinese children like wearing the
00:03:58.480: costume of their favorite animal during
00:04:00.879: the parade
00:04:03.120: [Music]]]> 00:04:09 Festive China: Spring Festival HF40vgWOlF1 Tue, 28 Jan 2025 16:23:32 GMT false 00:00:19.039: the first day of the first luna month is
00:00:21.359: spring festival
00:00:22.960: the beginning of a new year for china
00:00:26.160: spring festival is china's biggest
00:00:28.560: extravaganza and the day for family
00:00:31.119: reunion
00:00:32.480: being around family members at the turn
00:00:34.800: of the year is a vital ritual for the
00:00:37.200: chinese people
00:00:39.200: many of those leaving away from their
00:00:41.120: hometowns returned home during spring
00:00:43.440: festival
00:00:45.120: which gives rise to what's called the
00:00:47.280: largest annual human migration in the
00:00:49.600: world
00:00:50.879: also known as a spring festival travel
00:00:53.199: rush
00:00:59.349: the spring festival celebration is a
00:00:59.359: continuous process
00:01:01.600: starting from the 23rd or 24th of the
00:01:04.640: 12th lunar month
00:01:06.479: people often worship the teaching god
00:01:09.600: clean their houses
00:01:11.520: do their shopping
00:01:13.040: and put up spring festival couplets
00:01:16.320: until new year's eve on the lunar
00:01:18.479: calendar
00:01:27.510: these customs can be traced back to a
00:01:27.520: chinese legend
00:01:29.280: it is said that in ancient times
00:01:31.920: there was a monster named yen
00:01:34.400: who would come out and harm the world by
00:01:36.720: the end of each lunar year
00:01:39.280: people then took measures to send the
00:01:41.360: monster away
00:01:42.799: such as putting up red couplets as name
00:01:45.200: detested the color red
00:01:47.439: and setting of fireworks and
00:01:49.040: firecrackers at their doors to scare it
00:01:51.520: away
00:01:58.469: in addition to staying up late on new
00:01:58.479: year's eve
00:01:59.680: having a new year's eve dinner and
00:02:01.759: watching the spring festival gala are
00:02:04.079: two important customs of spring festival
00:02:08.160: new year's eve dinner are manifested in
00:02:10.640: different ways in different parts of
00:02:12.480: china
00:02:14.879: those in south china must have a dish of
00:02:17.520: fish
00:02:18.480: because fish in chinese sound similar to
00:02:21.040: the character for prosperity symbolizing
00:02:23.840: an abundant and comfortable life
00:02:26.880: [Music]
00:02:29.120: those in north china often eat dumplings
00:02:45.110: the spring festival gala is a variety tv
00:02:45.120: program broadcast annually to celebrate
00:02:47.680: the lunar new year
00:02:50.720: the gala attracts the largest audience
00:02:53.040: of any entertainment show in the world
00:02:55.840: around for more than four hours
00:02:58.239: making it the longest tv show in the
00:03:00.720: world
00:03:02.340: [Music]
00:03:03.840: it is often held as a cultural fist for
00:03:06.319: chinese people on new year's eve
00:03:17.509: there's also a custom of giving and
00:03:17.519: receiving red envelopes or home bow
00:03:22.000: traditionally adults place the money
00:03:24.400: into red envelopes and give them to the
00:03:26.640: children to wish them peace and good
00:03:28.560: luck in the coming year
00:03:32.239: nowadays with the popular resistion of
00:03:34.560: mobile payment in china
00:03:36.640: it is a trend to send red envelopes
00:03:38.879: digitally
00:03:39.710: [Music]
00:03:41.200: the internet can deliver new year's
00:03:43.040: wishes to each and every loved one even
00:03:46.400: if they are thousands of miles away
00:03:53.030: the joyous atmosphere of chinese new
00:03:53.040: year will linger until the first full
00:03:55.360: moon of the first the lunama
00:03:57.680: then the lantern festival is celebrated
00:04:00.720: which is bound to be another busy day]]> 00:04:14 Episode 1.1: Introduction to Critical Thinking (revised) hYu0Y4HlMG7 Tue, 28 Jan 2025 08:16:19 GMT false 00:00:03.359: thinking what comes to mind when someone
00:00:05.879: says that you need to use critical
00:00:08.120: thinking do you focus on the word
00:00:10.960: critical do you assume that thinking
00:00:13.280: critically must be negative requiring
00:00:15.280: you to criticize or be critical of
00:00:17.160: something you've read heard or
00:00:19.240: watched the modules you will complete in
00:00:21.560: this course will help you understand
00:00:23.760: what critical thinking is and how you
00:00:26.160: can do
00:00:27.039: it as we go through this module you will
00:00:30.119: learn that thinking critically should
00:00:31.759: not be assumed to be synonymous with
00:00:34.680: criticizing once you learn to think
00:00:36.600: critically you might criticize an
00:00:38.559: argument or claim but your thinking will
00:00:40.879: be thoughtfully reasoned consideration
00:00:43.680: not reflexive quick and unthinking
00:00:46.960: judgment in the concept of critical
00:00:49.280: thinking the term critical refers to a
00:00:51.600: way of thinking in analytical stance you
00:00:54.440: take with regards to assessing claims
00:00:56.399: that you've read heard or saw in this
00:00:59.640: month module we will explain the concept
00:01:02.120: and activity of critical thinking one we
00:01:05.400: will construct a useful everyday
00:01:07.360: definition of critical thinking and
00:01:09.400: identify what critical thinking is not
00:01:12.040: and two show you the purpose and value
00:01:14.920: of critical
00:01:16.119: thinking according to one definition
00:01:18.640: critical thinking is the careful
00:01:20.799: application of Reason in the
00:01:22.560: determination of whether a claim is
00:01:25.040: true another definition holds that
00:01:27.799: critical thinking is judicious reason
00:01:30.079: ing about what to believe and therefore
00:01:32.680: what to do let's note the important
00:01:35.600: pieces of these
00:01:36.920: definitions critical thinking requires
00:01:39.960: one careful intentional thinking also
00:01:43.200: known as
00:01:44.479: judiciousness two the use of reason or
00:01:48.159: logic three judgment about beliefs and
00:01:52.119: finally four application to real world
00:01:55.200: problems and issues let's walk through
00:01:57.560: these one by
00:01:58.840: one careful and intentional first
00:02:02.320: consider the ideas of being careful and
00:02:04.880: judicious critical thinking is not a
00:02:07.320: fast or easy process even if you know
00:02:09.399: how to do it to do it properly requires
00:02:12.200: you to take your
00:02:13.680: time being careful and judicious require
00:02:16.480: you to be purposeful and deliberate in
00:02:18.239: your evaluation it also requires you to
00:02:20.879: be thorough to think critically you have
00:02:23.959: to focus on the issue at hand taking in
00:02:26.319: all its complexity breadth and depth
00:02:29.879: critical thinking is not passive the
00:02:33.519: goal of critical thinking is not simply
00:02:35.560: to decide whether to accept or reject an
00:02:37.599: argument to register a yay or nay
00:02:40.239: vote in critical thinking the goal is to
00:02:43.519: fully evaluate all parts of a claim that
00:02:46.280: someone has made to assess each of its
00:02:48.840: parts as well as the whole certainly
00:02:52.040: there are relatively easy black and
00:02:53.840: white cases for example consider the
00:02:56.800: claim that was made in the day of
00:02:58.080: Columbus when people said ships sailing
00:03:01.000: East from Europe will eventually fall
00:03:03.000: into space because the Earth is flat you
00:03:06.280: don't need to be an expert in critical
00:03:07.840: thinking to see this as an example of an
00:03:10.000: argument that's pretty easy to reject in
00:03:12.120: total assuming you know the Earth is not
00:03:15.440: flat however much more often we are
00:03:18.239: asked to think critically about more
00:03:20.480: complex challenging claims or arguments
00:03:23.200: that contain much more gray than they do
00:03:25.480: black or white so in such cases it's
00:03:28.200: much harder to say I agree or I
00:03:32.439: disagree critical thinking is The
00:03:34.519: Logical process that you go through to
00:03:36.840: determine whether you agree or
00:03:39.120: not critical thinking allows you to
00:03:41.519: explain why you disagree what parts of
00:03:43.879: the claim or argument you find wrong or
00:03:46.040: troubling and even what argument you
00:03:48.280: might make in its place as we proceed in
00:03:51.400: learning about critical thinking you'll
00:03:53.519: find that by offering alternatives to
00:03:55.720: the argument you and others involved
00:03:58.480: strengthen and clarify views and
00:04:00.560: positions thus critical thinking can be
00:04:03.079: seen as an exercise in Collective
00:04:05.239: problem solving throughout these
00:04:07.360: critical thinking modules you will be
00:04:09.560: asked to take what you learn and apply
00:04:11.480: it in class that means thinking
00:04:14.400: critically about what you're reading as
00:04:16.639: well as claims made by your professor
00:04:18.320: and
00:04:19.400: classmates sometimes you will have to
00:04:21.840: critically evaluate claims made by
00:04:23.720: others other times you'll be asked to
00:04:26.400: actively defend your own claims which
00:04:28.639: will require you to think critically
00:04:30.800: about your own perspectives and
00:04:33.320: positions critical thinking is not a
00:04:35.720: process that most people do in their
00:04:37.120: daily activities but it's important to
00:04:39.520: both your understanding of what other
00:04:41.160: people say and what you think and say to
00:04:44.360: others at times you may struggle to use
00:04:46.960: the critical thinking process and that's
00:04:49.440: okay number two reason or
00:04:52.960: logic so critical thinking is an active
00:04:56.039: process meant to move us whether it's a
00:04:58.320: class or another community that you
00:05:00.080: belong to towards greater understanding
00:05:02.960: of difficult economic social ethical and
00:05:06.240: legal problems in order to do this
00:05:09.000: effectively critical thinking requires
00:05:11.400: applying reason over the next few
00:05:14.320: modules we will examine more deeply
00:05:17.560: reason we will develop yard sticks for
00:05:20.319: assessing whether an argument is a
00:05:22.000: product of good thoughtful
00:05:23.880: reasoning we will compare reason with
00:05:26.440: other ways of judging or reacting to
00:05:28.479: claims for example people often make
00:05:31.759: decisions based on pure emotion
00:05:34.840: intuition Faith or common
00:05:38.520: sense utilizing reason does not
00:05:41.280: necessarily mean throwing these
00:05:42.720: sensibilities emotion intuition Etc out
00:05:45.600: the window it's not cold hard or
00:05:49.400: unfeeling but critical thinking requires
00:05:52.039: putting these other ways of thinking and
00:05:53.800: reacting under the microscope of reason
00:05:57.120: for example many people decide not to
00:06:00.000: try certain activities because they say
00:06:02.560: I'm too scared I can't go running
00:06:04.880: tonight I don't have anyone else to run
00:06:06.960: with and I'm afraid of running by myself
00:06:08.680: at night fear like all emotions can
00:06:12.680: either be justified or unfounded when we
00:06:16.080: expose this emotional response to reason
00:06:18.240: we can determine whether it's Justified
00:06:20.000: or not are there good reasons to be
00:06:22.520: fearful of running alone at night is the
00:06:24.800: area known for Crime are there wild
00:06:27.680: animals or dogs to worry about
00:06:29.919: is it easy to get lost by asking these
00:06:33.000: kinds of questions we can probe to see
00:06:35.199: whether our emotion fear is the product
00:06:38.240: of a reasonable assessment of the
00:06:40.759: situation three and four judgments and
00:06:45.039: application finally let's consider these
00:06:47.479: last two pieces of the definition of
00:06:49.280: critical thinking determining whether a
00:06:51.440: claim is true and deciding how to act
00:06:54.440: based on that
00:06:55.879: determination these speak to the purpose
00:06:57.960: of critical thinking when we engage in
00:07:00.280: critical thinking our goal is to
00:07:02.639: determine whether the claim before us is
00:07:04.599: true or not and then to use that
00:07:06.759: assessment to decide what action or
00:07:09.080: actions to take ultimately when we are
00:07:12.599: asked to think critically we are being
00:07:14.960: asked to take a position regarding the
00:07:17.479: truth or acceptability of something
00:07:19.319: we've read heard or watched while the
00:07:22.400: exercise of critical thinking is not
00:07:24.400: biased toward one outcome or the other
00:07:26.840: in the end we are expected to have a
00:07:29.720: reason judgment about whether we
00:07:32.080: disagree or agree with a claim or
00:07:35.319: argument so why do we need to take a
00:07:37.560: position or pass judgment let's consider
00:07:40.039: the following scenario one of your
00:07:42.479: classes requires students to complete a
00:07:44.400: group project worth 50% of their final
00:07:47.120: grade you're put into a group with four
00:07:49.639: other students at your first meeting one
00:07:52.199: of your group members
00:07:53.879: says listen I've done this whole group
00:07:56.919: project thing before and it's a real
00:07:58.599: pain in the butt but nobody really likes
00:08:01.080: working with other people and we all
00:08:03.000: just end up fighting anyway it's too
00:08:05.680: hard to split up the parts of the
00:08:07.080: project no one's ever happy with their
00:08:09.360: part last time I had to do one of these
00:08:11.960: things we decided that each of us would
00:08:14.400: just do the whole project then we shared
00:08:16.840: our reports and voted on the best one
00:08:19.960: that's the one we turned into the
00:08:21.280: professor we should do the same thing
00:08:23.039: for this
00:08:24.479: class is this a good argument do you
00:08:27.479: agree with all of the claims he made
00:08:29.919: do those claims necessarily lead to his
00:08:32.240: conclusion about how to handle the
00:08:34.279: project should you go along with your
00:08:36.519: classmate or is there a better way to
00:08:39.080: handle the project remember 50% of your
00:08:42.240: final grade is at stake here your
00:08:45.240: classmate has had certain experiences
00:08:47.240: that make him believe that doing group
00:08:49.240: project work separately as individuals
00:08:52.160: is better than dividing up the tasks
00:08:53.959: among the group if you simply accept his
00:08:56.760: belief without question without thinking
00:08:59.240: about it critically you may come to
00:09:01.480: share his belief simply as an inherited
00:09:05.040: opinion an inherited opinion means that
00:09:08.160: you believe completing group projects
00:09:10.160: this way is better because someone else
00:09:12.519: told you it was better now many of us
00:09:15.200: hold inherited opinions on a lot of
00:09:17.160: topics frequently our political moral
00:09:19.720: and ethical beliefs have been handed
00:09:21.760: down to us by our families or
00:09:23.680: communities how many of us could
00:09:26.000: actually provide evidence or reasons for
00:09:28.600: those beliefs if asked to do so but we
00:09:31.720: are often required to do just that we
00:09:35.000: live in a diverse complicated World in
00:09:37.160: which people hold widely different views
00:09:39.240: on many topics individuals communities
00:09:42.640: businesses and governments need to
00:09:44.560: decide what to do on many issues that
00:09:47.200: are the subject of strong
00:09:49.800: disagreements critical thinking will
00:09:51.920: help us both offer reasons for our own
00:09:54.079: positions on what action should be taken
00:09:56.880: and effectively evaluate the reasons off
00:09:59.079: offered by others to see how important
00:10:01.839: critical thinking can be consider this
00:10:04.440: scenario you are working as a marketing
00:10:06.839: assistant for a marketing company you've
00:10:09.040: been in that position for a few years
00:10:10.760: and you're looking to catch the
00:10:11.959: attention of your supervisor you know
00:10:14.079: there's a marketing manager position
00:10:15.680: opening up soon and you've got your eye
00:10:17.480: on it you want to distinguish yourself
00:10:20.680: fortunately an opportunity presents
00:10:22.839: itself your supervisor asks both you and
00:10:26.320: your coworker who's also an assistant
00:10:29.160: what you think the company should focus
00:10:30.839: on For an upcoming ad campaign should
00:10:33.920: they invest more resources in
00:10:36.000: traditional marketing venues like print
00:10:38.320: and tv ads for example or in Innovative
00:10:41.880: online and social media
00:10:44.320: venues wanting to seem like you're on
00:10:46.760: top of things and ready to go you
00:10:48.880: respond quickly with an email definitely
00:10:51.480: traditional venues and here's how we
00:10:53.480: should spend the money in those venues
00:10:56.120: your coworker doesn't respond right away
00:10:58.440: but the next Day offers her assessment
00:11:01.399: we should go with online and social
00:11:03.480: media I've attached a detailed report
00:11:05.800: showing recent Trends in market research
00:11:07.720: with data that demonstrates The
00:11:09.279: increased return on investment of social
00:11:11.519: media marketing campaigns compared with
00:11:13.600: traditional
00:11:15.399: venues who do you think will get the
00:11:17.560: attention of the supervisor the employee
00:11:19.959: who made an unsupported Claim about what
00:11:21.760: to do you or the employee who offered
00:11:25.600: evidence and reason for her
00:11:27.720: position take taking the time to assess
00:11:30.120: beliefs and opinions to think critically
00:11:32.200: about them gives us insight and
00:11:34.440: understanding that we would not have
00:11:36.320: developed without critical thinking
00:11:39.200: insight and understanding leads to
00:11:41.000: justification for taking or not taking
00:11:44.480: certain actions but it also gives us
00:11:47.320: ownership over our beliefs as we think
00:11:50.200: critically about our own and others
00:11:52.279: beliefs we develop the skills that allow
00:11:54.720: us to know why we believe what we
00:11:56.959: believe we can offer evidence and reason
00:11:59.600: to defend our beliefs and that reason
00:12:01.800: giving leads us to actions that fit with
00:12:03.839: our beliefs ultimately we have true
00:12:07.160: freedom of thought and opinion that
00:12:09.079: comes when we know what we believe and
00:12:12.240: why throughout the first module you'll
00:12:14.720: be introduced to Concepts and ideas
00:12:16.680: that'll be important in learning how to
00:12:18.120: think critically don't worry if you
00:12:20.480: don't completely understand these
00:12:22.000: Concepts and ideas from these early
00:12:23.959: episodes the more important ones will be
00:12:26.680: explained in much more depth in later
00:12:28.560: modules
00:12:30.600: this module has provided you with a
00:12:32.360: working definition of critical thinking
00:12:34.760: you should now be able to explain what
00:12:37.000: critical thinking is and how it's
00:12:39.160: different from other types of thought
00:12:41.480: you should understand the key features
00:12:43.000: of critical thinking and to appreciate
00:12:45.680: its purpose and value]]> 00:12:48 Episode 1.1: Introduction to Critical Thinking (revised) gCtVZuNj_Ir Tue, 28 Jan 2025 08:15:40 GMT false 00:00:03.359: thinking what comes to mind when someone
00:00:05.879: says that you need to use critical
00:00:08.120: thinking do you focus on the word
00:00:10.960: critical do you assume that thinking
00:00:13.280: critically must be negative requiring
00:00:15.280: you to criticize or be critical of
00:00:17.160: something you've read heard or
00:00:19.240: watched the modules you will complete in
00:00:21.560: this course will help you understand
00:00:23.760: what critical thinking is and how you
00:00:26.160: can do
00:00:27.039: it as we go through this module you will
00:00:30.119: learn that thinking critically should
00:00:31.759: not be assumed to be synonymous with
00:00:34.680: criticizing once you learn to think
00:00:36.600: critically you might criticize an
00:00:38.559: argument or claim but your thinking will
00:00:40.879: be thoughtfully reasoned consideration
00:00:43.680: not reflexive quick and unthinking
00:00:46.960: judgment in the concept of critical
00:00:49.280: thinking the term critical refers to a
00:00:51.600: way of thinking in analytical stance you
00:00:54.440: take with regards to assessing claims
00:00:56.399: that you've read heard or saw in this
00:00:59.640: month module we will explain the concept
00:01:02.120: and activity of critical thinking one we
00:01:05.400: will construct a useful everyday
00:01:07.360: definition of critical thinking and
00:01:09.400: identify what critical thinking is not
00:01:12.040: and two show you the purpose and value
00:01:14.920: of critical
00:01:16.119: thinking according to one definition
00:01:18.640: critical thinking is the careful
00:01:20.799: application of Reason in the
00:01:22.560: determination of whether a claim is
00:01:25.040: true another definition holds that
00:01:27.799: critical thinking is judicious reason
00:01:30.079: ing about what to believe and therefore
00:01:32.680: what to do let's note the important
00:01:35.600: pieces of these
00:01:36.920: definitions critical thinking requires
00:01:39.960: one careful intentional thinking also
00:01:43.200: known as
00:01:44.479: judiciousness two the use of reason or
00:01:48.159: logic three judgment about beliefs and
00:01:52.119: finally four application to real world
00:01:55.200: problems and issues let's walk through
00:01:57.560: these one by
00:01:58.840: one careful and intentional first
00:02:02.320: consider the ideas of being careful and
00:02:04.880: judicious critical thinking is not a
00:02:07.320: fast or easy process even if you know
00:02:09.399: how to do it to do it properly requires
00:02:12.200: you to take your
00:02:13.680: time being careful and judicious require
00:02:16.480: you to be purposeful and deliberate in
00:02:18.239: your evaluation it also requires you to
00:02:20.879: be thorough to think critically you have
00:02:23.959: to focus on the issue at hand taking in
00:02:26.319: all its complexity breadth and depth
00:02:29.879: critical thinking is not passive the
00:02:33.519: goal of critical thinking is not simply
00:02:35.560: to decide whether to accept or reject an
00:02:37.599: argument to register a yay or nay
00:02:40.239: vote in critical thinking the goal is to
00:02:43.519: fully evaluate all parts of a claim that
00:02:46.280: someone has made to assess each of its
00:02:48.840: parts as well as the whole certainly
00:02:52.040: there are relatively easy black and
00:02:53.840: white cases for example consider the
00:02:56.800: claim that was made in the day of
00:02:58.080: Columbus when people said ships sailing
00:03:01.000: East from Europe will eventually fall
00:03:03.000: into space because the Earth is flat you
00:03:06.280: don't need to be an expert in critical
00:03:07.840: thinking to see this as an example of an
00:03:10.000: argument that's pretty easy to reject in
00:03:12.120: total assuming you know the Earth is not
00:03:15.440: flat however much more often we are
00:03:18.239: asked to think critically about more
00:03:20.480: complex challenging claims or arguments
00:03:23.200: that contain much more gray than they do
00:03:25.480: black or white so in such cases it's
00:03:28.200: much harder to say I agree or I
00:03:32.439: disagree critical thinking is The
00:03:34.519: Logical process that you go through to
00:03:36.840: determine whether you agree or
00:03:39.120: not critical thinking allows you to
00:03:41.519: explain why you disagree what parts of
00:03:43.879: the claim or argument you find wrong or
00:03:46.040: troubling and even what argument you
00:03:48.280: might make in its place as we proceed in
00:03:51.400: learning about critical thinking you'll
00:03:53.519: find that by offering alternatives to
00:03:55.720: the argument you and others involved
00:03:58.480: strengthen and clarify views and
00:04:00.560: positions thus critical thinking can be
00:04:03.079: seen as an exercise in Collective
00:04:05.239: problem solving throughout these
00:04:07.360: critical thinking modules you will be
00:04:09.560: asked to take what you learn and apply
00:04:11.480: it in class that means thinking
00:04:14.400: critically about what you're reading as
00:04:16.639: well as claims made by your professor
00:04:18.320: and
00:04:19.400: classmates sometimes you will have to
00:04:21.840: critically evaluate claims made by
00:04:23.720: others other times you'll be asked to
00:04:26.400: actively defend your own claims which
00:04:28.639: will require you to think critically
00:04:30.800: about your own perspectives and
00:04:33.320: positions critical thinking is not a
00:04:35.720: process that most people do in their
00:04:37.120: daily activities but it's important to
00:04:39.520: both your understanding of what other
00:04:41.160: people say and what you think and say to
00:04:44.360: others at times you may struggle to use
00:04:46.960: the critical thinking process and that's
00:04:49.440: okay number two reason or
00:04:52.960: logic so critical thinking is an active
00:04:56.039: process meant to move us whether it's a
00:04:58.320: class or another community that you
00:05:00.080: belong to towards greater understanding
00:05:02.960: of difficult economic social ethical and
00:05:06.240: legal problems in order to do this
00:05:09.000: effectively critical thinking requires
00:05:11.400: applying reason over the next few
00:05:14.320: modules we will examine more deeply
00:05:17.560: reason we will develop yard sticks for
00:05:20.319: assessing whether an argument is a
00:05:22.000: product of good thoughtful
00:05:23.880: reasoning we will compare reason with
00:05:26.440: other ways of judging or reacting to
00:05:28.479: claims for example people often make
00:05:31.759: decisions based on pure emotion
00:05:34.840: intuition Faith or common
00:05:38.520: sense utilizing reason does not
00:05:41.280: necessarily mean throwing these
00:05:42.720: sensibilities emotion intuition Etc out
00:05:45.600: the window it's not cold hard or
00:05:49.400: unfeeling but critical thinking requires
00:05:52.039: putting these other ways of thinking and
00:05:53.800: reacting under the microscope of reason
00:05:57.120: for example many people decide not to
00:06:00.000: try certain activities because they say
00:06:02.560: I'm too scared I can't go running
00:06:04.880: tonight I don't have anyone else to run
00:06:06.960: with and I'm afraid of running by myself
00:06:08.680: at night fear like all emotions can
00:06:12.680: either be justified or unfounded when we
00:06:16.080: expose this emotional response to reason
00:06:18.240: we can determine whether it's Justified
00:06:20.000: or not are there good reasons to be
00:06:22.520: fearful of running alone at night is the
00:06:24.800: area known for Crime are there wild
00:06:27.680: animals or dogs to worry about
00:06:29.919: is it easy to get lost by asking these
00:06:33.000: kinds of questions we can probe to see
00:06:35.199: whether our emotion fear is the product
00:06:38.240: of a reasonable assessment of the
00:06:40.759: situation three and four judgments and
00:06:45.039: application finally let's consider these
00:06:47.479: last two pieces of the definition of
00:06:49.280: critical thinking determining whether a
00:06:51.440: claim is true and deciding how to act
00:06:54.440: based on that
00:06:55.879: determination these speak to the purpose
00:06:57.960: of critical thinking when we engage in
00:07:00.280: critical thinking our goal is to
00:07:02.639: determine whether the claim before us is
00:07:04.599: true or not and then to use that
00:07:06.759: assessment to decide what action or
00:07:09.080: actions to take ultimately when we are
00:07:12.599: asked to think critically we are being
00:07:14.960: asked to take a position regarding the
00:07:17.479: truth or acceptability of something
00:07:19.319: we've read heard or watched while the
00:07:22.400: exercise of critical thinking is not
00:07:24.400: biased toward one outcome or the other
00:07:26.840: in the end we are expected to have a
00:07:29.720: reason judgment about whether we
00:07:32.080: disagree or agree with a claim or
00:07:35.319: argument so why do we need to take a
00:07:37.560: position or pass judgment let's consider
00:07:40.039: the following scenario one of your
00:07:42.479: classes requires students to complete a
00:07:44.400: group project worth 50% of their final
00:07:47.120: grade you're put into a group with four
00:07:49.639: other students at your first meeting one
00:07:52.199: of your group members
00:07:53.879: says listen I've done this whole group
00:07:56.919: project thing before and it's a real
00:07:58.599: pain in the butt but nobody really likes
00:08:01.080: working with other people and we all
00:08:03.000: just end up fighting anyway it's too
00:08:05.680: hard to split up the parts of the
00:08:07.080: project no one's ever happy with their
00:08:09.360: part last time I had to do one of these
00:08:11.960: things we decided that each of us would
00:08:14.400: just do the whole project then we shared
00:08:16.840: our reports and voted on the best one
00:08:19.960: that's the one we turned into the
00:08:21.280: professor we should do the same thing
00:08:23.039: for this
00:08:24.479: class is this a good argument do you
00:08:27.479: agree with all of the claims he made
00:08:29.919: do those claims necessarily lead to his
00:08:32.240: conclusion about how to handle the
00:08:34.279: project should you go along with your
00:08:36.519: classmate or is there a better way to
00:08:39.080: handle the project remember 50% of your
00:08:42.240: final grade is at stake here your
00:08:45.240: classmate has had certain experiences
00:08:47.240: that make him believe that doing group
00:08:49.240: project work separately as individuals
00:08:52.160: is better than dividing up the tasks
00:08:53.959: among the group if you simply accept his
00:08:56.760: belief without question without thinking
00:08:59.240: about it critically you may come to
00:09:01.480: share his belief simply as an inherited
00:09:05.040: opinion an inherited opinion means that
00:09:08.160: you believe completing group projects
00:09:10.160: this way is better because someone else
00:09:12.519: told you it was better now many of us
00:09:15.200: hold inherited opinions on a lot of
00:09:17.160: topics frequently our political moral
00:09:19.720: and ethical beliefs have been handed
00:09:21.760: down to us by our families or
00:09:23.680: communities how many of us could
00:09:26.000: actually provide evidence or reasons for
00:09:28.600: those beliefs if asked to do so but we
00:09:31.720: are often required to do just that we
00:09:35.000: live in a diverse complicated World in
00:09:37.160: which people hold widely different views
00:09:39.240: on many topics individuals communities
00:09:42.640: businesses and governments need to
00:09:44.560: decide what to do on many issues that
00:09:47.200: are the subject of strong
00:09:49.800: disagreements critical thinking will
00:09:51.920: help us both offer reasons for our own
00:09:54.079: positions on what action should be taken
00:09:56.880: and effectively evaluate the reasons off
00:09:59.079: offered by others to see how important
00:10:01.839: critical thinking can be consider this
00:10:04.440: scenario you are working as a marketing
00:10:06.839: assistant for a marketing company you've
00:10:09.040: been in that position for a few years
00:10:10.760: and you're looking to catch the
00:10:11.959: attention of your supervisor you know
00:10:14.079: there's a marketing manager position
00:10:15.680: opening up soon and you've got your eye
00:10:17.480: on it you want to distinguish yourself
00:10:20.680: fortunately an opportunity presents
00:10:22.839: itself your supervisor asks both you and
00:10:26.320: your coworker who's also an assistant
00:10:29.160: what you think the company should focus
00:10:30.839: on For an upcoming ad campaign should
00:10:33.920: they invest more resources in
00:10:36.000: traditional marketing venues like print
00:10:38.320: and tv ads for example or in Innovative
00:10:41.880: online and social media
00:10:44.320: venues wanting to seem like you're on
00:10:46.760: top of things and ready to go you
00:10:48.880: respond quickly with an email definitely
00:10:51.480: traditional venues and here's how we
00:10:53.480: should spend the money in those venues
00:10:56.120: your coworker doesn't respond right away
00:10:58.440: but the next Day offers her assessment
00:11:01.399: we should go with online and social
00:11:03.480: media I've attached a detailed report
00:11:05.800: showing recent Trends in market research
00:11:07.720: with data that demonstrates The
00:11:09.279: increased return on investment of social
00:11:11.519: media marketing campaigns compared with
00:11:13.600: traditional
00:11:15.399: venues who do you think will get the
00:11:17.560: attention of the supervisor the employee
00:11:19.959: who made an unsupported Claim about what
00:11:21.760: to do you or the employee who offered
00:11:25.600: evidence and reason for her
00:11:27.720: position take taking the time to assess
00:11:30.120: beliefs and opinions to think critically
00:11:32.200: about them gives us insight and
00:11:34.440: understanding that we would not have
00:11:36.320: developed without critical thinking
00:11:39.200: insight and understanding leads to
00:11:41.000: justification for taking or not taking
00:11:44.480: certain actions but it also gives us
00:11:47.320: ownership over our beliefs as we think
00:11:50.200: critically about our own and others
00:11:52.279: beliefs we develop the skills that allow
00:11:54.720: us to know why we believe what we
00:11:56.959: believe we can offer evidence and reason
00:11:59.600: to defend our beliefs and that reason
00:12:01.800: giving leads us to actions that fit with
00:12:03.839: our beliefs ultimately we have true
00:12:07.160: freedom of thought and opinion that
00:12:09.079: comes when we know what we believe and
00:12:12.240: why throughout the first module you'll
00:12:14.720: be introduced to Concepts and ideas
00:12:16.680: that'll be important in learning how to
00:12:18.120: think critically don't worry if you
00:12:20.480: don't completely understand these
00:12:22.000: Concepts and ideas from these early
00:12:23.959: episodes the more important ones will be
00:12:26.680: explained in much more depth in later
00:12:28.560: modules
00:12:30.600: this module has provided you with a
00:12:32.360: working definition of critical thinking
00:12:34.760: you should now be able to explain what
00:12:37.000: critical thinking is and how it's
00:12:39.160: different from other types of thought
00:12:41.480: you should understand the key features
00:12:43.000: of critical thinking and to appreciate
00:12:45.680: its purpose and value]]> 00:12:48 GitLab Duo: Your end-to-end AI partner for faster software development -vWAHXdhQtm Tue, 28 Jan 2025 07:42:29 GMT false 00:00:02.040: you're a developer working on a mission
00:00:04.480: critical customer facing app here's how
00:00:06.879: gitlab Duo access your AI assistant
00:00:09.800: through the whole software development
00:00:11.679: life cycle instead of waiting through
00:00:13.960: weeks of comments gitlab Duo summarizes
00:00:17.720: technical needs and infrastructure
00:00:19.640: requirements instantly generating a
00:00:21.920: to-do list and all it takes is one click
00:00:24.960: for you to transform your notes into
00:00:27.359: detailed issue descriptions
00:00:31.080: now it's time to start coding let's say
00:00:33.920: the task in your first issue is
00:00:35.840: developing a new feature which requires
00:00:38.120: adding a new method to the existing Java
00:00:40.640: app you open the web IDE and describe
00:00:43.879: the task and gitlab Duo instantly
00:00:46.840: generates the method you can focus on
00:00:49.039: the Core Business logic while Duo
00:00:51.320: handles syntax and boilerplate code as
00:00:54.359: you work Duo crafts contextual
00:00:56.760: suggestions to fill in the gaps speeding
00:00:59.160: up the process when a vulnerability is
00:01:02.399: detected gitlab Duo instantly provides a
00:01:05.640: summary and suggests how to fix it it
00:01:09.400: even generates a merge request that
00:01:11.520: resolves the vulnerability with a
00:01:13.360: detailed description and the actual code
00:01:16.640: you don't need to be a go expert to
00:01:18.720: integrate a feature developed by another
00:01:20.720: team written in go because with gitlab
00:01:23.079: Duo the context you need is at your
00:01:26.079: fingertips it provides clear code
00:01:28.560: explanations for seamless
00:01:31.360: integration and if you have
00:01:33.799: questions Duo chat is there for in-depth
00:01:36.799: help it's available platform wide so you
00:01:40.159: can use its knowledge base to dig deeper
00:01:43.040: merge request time oh you've hit a
00:01:45.280: challenge your pipeline build fails what
00:01:48.200: once required looking through hundreds
00:01:49.960: of log lines is now solved with a click
00:01:53.240: using get lab Duo's root cause analysis
00:01:56.479: problem identified fix suggested
00:01:59.399: problems solved now you're ready for
00:02:01.479: code review select from a list of
00:02:03.840: recommended reviewers based on their
00:02:05.880: expertise and availability your tasks
00:02:08.720: are complete efficiently and
00:02:10.760: successfully thanks to gitlab Duo it
00:02:14.120: doesn't stop at coding with automated
00:02:16.599: test generation you can catch bugs early
00:02:19.879: and with the AI impact dashboard you can
00:02:22.400: measure ai's impact in real
00:02:25.400: time gitlab Duo demonstrates what can be
00:02:28.599: achieved when AI is Incorporated
00:02:30.920: throughout the software development life
00:02:32.760: cycle make this a reality and leverage
00:02:35.680: the most comprehensive Aid driven devc
00:02:38.599: Ops platform for faster more secure
00:02:41.879: software development]]> 00:02:44 What is GitLab? Rl9DErRsrFZ Tue, 28 Jan 2025 07:41:50 GMT false 00:00:00.920: gitlab is the faster path from idea to
00:00:04.440: Software
00:00:05.880: it's more than a code Repository
00:00:09.000: it's one workflow that brings
00:00:10.800: development security and operations
00:00:13.080: teams together
00:00:14.639: no walls no endless feedback loops use
00:00:18.660: gitlab end to end or integrate it with
00:00:21.180: the tools you love and it lets you
00:00:23.220: eliminate the rest to help reduce costs
00:00:25.439: and boost productivity at the same time
00:00:27.480: without trade-offs
00:00:29.279: with gitlab teams can build software
00:00:31.859: faster automate software delivery
00:00:34.440: shorten cycle times and increased
00:00:37.020: developer productivity
00:00:39.000: and security is built in not bolted on
00:00:42.680: scan for vulnerabilities with every code
00:00:45.480: push automatically
00:00:47.579: it's the entire development process
00:00:50.219: all in the same place where everyone
00:00:52.020: works
00:00:53.520: because we're on this path together
00:00:57.300: the path from idea to collaboration to
00:01:01.140: hire performing teams
00:01:03.239: with one comprehensive Innovation
00:01:05.939: driving fast and secure devsecops
00:01:08.939: platform
00:01:09.900: software faster get lab
00:01:13.810: [Music]]]> 00:01:21 Conquering Debating - Affirmative Cases fbOy89kTEiG Tue, 28 Jan 2025 07:15:56 GMT false 00:00:03.210: our conquering debating series at
00:00:05.250: speaking schools Australasia will be
00:00:07.140: posting a series of videos each focus on
00:00:09.690: a different aspect of debating to help
00:00:11.580: you hone your skills so make sure to
00:00:13.320: subscribe so you don't miss any this
00:00:15.389: week we'll be looking at affirmative
00:00:17.190: cases in a stood debate the affirmative
00:00:27.660: team needs to try and prove that there's
00:00:29.460: a problem in the world that needs to be
00:00:30.960: fixed then you should try and come up
00:00:33.390: with a plan and points to support that
00:00:35.520: plan as to how you're going to fix the
00:00:37.530: problem this is known as the affirmative
00:00:39.989: team case let's look at the three steps
00:00:42.660: to develop your case the first thing you
00:00:50.700: need to establish is the problem this is
00:00:53.399: sometimes also called the context or the
00:00:55.410: imperative here you need to explain
00:00:58.500: what's wrong in the world and why it
00:01:00.570: needs to be changed this part is all
00:01:02.789: about explaining to the adjudicator why
00:01:04.949: the world would be a better place if
00:01:06.659: this problem was solved the second thing
00:01:14.610: the affirmative team needs to do is
00:01:16.259: outline the plan this is otherwise known
00:01:18.570: as a definition or a model and is a plan
00:01:21.119: that shows how the affirmative team will
00:01:23.189: fix the problem
00:01:24.060: remember your plan should be directly
00:01:26.369: targeted at the problem
00:01:28.310: [Music]
00:01:34.910: finally you need to present your points
00:01:34.920: also known as arguments this is where
00:01:38.130: you justify your team's overall case and
00:01:40.350: explain why your plan fixes the problem
00:01:44.110: [Music]
00:01:50.270: let's take the topic that we should ban
00:01:50.280: all plastic bags one problem we can
00:01:52.890: identify with this context is that
00:01:54.930: plastic bags are bad for the environment
00:01:56.430: and they kill wildlife your plan might
00:01:59.369: be that the government would ban the
00:02:01.020: production and sale of all plastic bags
00:02:03.360: three reasons you can use to show that
00:02:05.580: this is true are firstly the plastic
00:02:08.340: bags are bad for the environment
00:02:09.770: secondly the plastic bags kill wild
00:02:12.360: animals and thirdly the companies and
00:02:14.520: people won't stop using plastic bags
00:02:16.290: voluntarily each of these points aims to
00:02:19.380: show why plastic bags are a bad thing
00:02:21.390: and therefore why your plan will be
00:02:23.700: effective in banning them that's all for
00:02:26.250: this video thanks for watching please
00:02:28.650: like and subscribe to see more videos
00:02:30.209: like this and leave a comment down below
00:02:32.100: if there's any other content you'd like
00:02:33.840: us to cover see you next time]]> 00:02:46